Not dead yet!
Well-Known Member
What eventually happened with the idea of staph aureus lysate in HIV patients? It looks like it is in use for dairy cattle. At least this kind of vaccine wouldn't be passed through mice but is just exploded staph cells (I hope). My inner conspiracy theorist looks at those dates and thinks... hmmm... wasn't that around when MRSA wreaked havoc in Emergency Rooms? ![Blackalien :Blackalien: :Blackalien:](/forums/styles/default/xenforo/smilies_ext/Blackalien.png)
------------------------- copy-paste of abstracts follows:
Immunologic changes in healthy probands and HIV infected patients after oral administration of Staphylococcus aureus 12c: a pilot study
T Danninger. Author links open the author workspace.K Gallenberger. Author links open the author workspace.*. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspaceJ Kraeling. Author links open the author workspace.
Humboldstr. 15, 81543 Munich, Germany
Received 15 May 1998, Revised 27 September 1999, Accepted 8 March 2000, Available online 24 May 2002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0403Get rights and content
Abstract
The tumoricidal and antiviral effects of Staphylococcal toxins are well documented. In a preliminary study we investigated the immune modulating properties of these toxins by administering single oral doses of a 12c potency of a lysate of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, to 4 healthy probands and 12 HIV infected patients with clinical symptoms. We observed a decrease of circulating immune complexes in the healthy probands as well as in the HIV positive patients, accompanied in the latter by a significant increase of CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8-ratio and an improvement of the HIV related symptoms. None of the dose dependent toxic effects commonly found in Staphylococcal sepsis were noticed. Further research on the immune modulating effects of potencies of bacterial superantigens is suggested, especially in view of a possible treatment for HIV infected and other immune compromised patients.
· Keywords
J Dairy Sci. 2001 Aug;84(8):1791-9.
Immunization with Staphylococcus aureus lysate incorporated into microspheres.
O'Brien CN1, Guidry AJ, Douglass LW, Westhoff DC.
Author information
1
Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. cobrien@anri.barc.usda.gov
Abstract
Antibiotics are of limited value against Staphylococcus aureus due to development of resistant strains, scar tissue formation, and blockage of ducts due to inflammation. Though macrophages are the predominant cell type in the mammary gland, they are primarily scavenger cells and are not effective against bacteria entering the gland. Neutrophil phagocytosis is the bovine's primary defense against S. aureus mastitis. Attempts to develop vaccines that enhance neutrophil phagocytosis by stimulating production of opsonizing antibodies to S. aureus have met with limited success because of the low immunogenicity of the exopolysaccharide capsule surrounding S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus can also adhere to and penetrate epithelial tissue. This study was conducted to determine whether lysates of S. aureus encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres would increase the production of opsonizing antibodies to capsule and block adherence. Four groups of four cows each were injected with 1 ml of the respective treatment in the area of the supramammary lymph node and 1 ml in the hip muscle. The treatments were: lysate in NaCl, lysate in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FICA), lysate in microspheres in NaCl, and lysate in microspheres in FICA. Antigen in microspheres produced a similar antibody response to antigen emulsified in FICA, but to a lesser magnitude. Antigen in microspheres produced antibodies that were more opsonic for neutrophils at 20 and 52 wk postimmunization and inhibited S. aureus adherence to mammary epithelium. Ability to control antigen release and presentation, and the benefit of a single injection for long-term immunity using microspheres warrants additional studies.
PMID:
11518302
DOI:
10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74617-6
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![Blackalien :Blackalien: :Blackalien:](/forums/styles/default/xenforo/smilies_ext/Blackalien.png)
------------------------- copy-paste of abstracts follows:
Immunologic changes in healthy probands and HIV infected patients after oral administration of Staphylococcus aureus 12c: a pilot study
T Danninger. Author links open the author workspace.K Gallenberger. Author links open the author workspace.*. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspaceJ Kraeling. Author links open the author workspace.
Humboldstr. 15, 81543 Munich, Germany
Received 15 May 1998, Revised 27 September 1999, Accepted 8 March 2000, Available online 24 May 2002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0403Get rights and content
Abstract
The tumoricidal and antiviral effects of Staphylococcal toxins are well documented. In a preliminary study we investigated the immune modulating properties of these toxins by administering single oral doses of a 12c potency of a lysate of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, to 4 healthy probands and 12 HIV infected patients with clinical symptoms. We observed a decrease of circulating immune complexes in the healthy probands as well as in the HIV positive patients, accompanied in the latter by a significant increase of CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8-ratio and an improvement of the HIV related symptoms. None of the dose dependent toxic effects commonly found in Staphylococcal sepsis were noticed. Further research on the immune modulating effects of potencies of bacterial superantigens is suggested, especially in view of a possible treatment for HIV infected and other immune compromised patients.
· Keywords
- staphylococcal superantigens;
- immune modulation;
- HIV
J Dairy Sci. 2001 Aug;84(8):1791-9.
Immunization with Staphylococcus aureus lysate incorporated into microspheres.
O'Brien CN1, Guidry AJ, Douglass LW, Westhoff DC.
Author information
1
Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. cobrien@anri.barc.usda.gov
Abstract
Antibiotics are of limited value against Staphylococcus aureus due to development of resistant strains, scar tissue formation, and blockage of ducts due to inflammation. Though macrophages are the predominant cell type in the mammary gland, they are primarily scavenger cells and are not effective against bacteria entering the gland. Neutrophil phagocytosis is the bovine's primary defense against S. aureus mastitis. Attempts to develop vaccines that enhance neutrophil phagocytosis by stimulating production of opsonizing antibodies to S. aureus have met with limited success because of the low immunogenicity of the exopolysaccharide capsule surrounding S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus can also adhere to and penetrate epithelial tissue. This study was conducted to determine whether lysates of S. aureus encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres would increase the production of opsonizing antibodies to capsule and block adherence. Four groups of four cows each were injected with 1 ml of the respective treatment in the area of the supramammary lymph node and 1 ml in the hip muscle. The treatments were: lysate in NaCl, lysate in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FICA), lysate in microspheres in NaCl, and lysate in microspheres in FICA. Antigen in microspheres produced a similar antibody response to antigen emulsified in FICA, but to a lesser magnitude. Antigen in microspheres produced antibodies that were more opsonic for neutrophils at 20 and 52 wk postimmunization and inhibited S. aureus adherence to mammary epithelium. Ability to control antigen release and presentation, and the benefit of a single injection for long-term immunity using microspheres warrants additional studies.
PMID:
11518302
DOI:
10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74617-6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------